Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

The prostatic gland gland is an exocrine gland appoint only in the male. Exocrine glands secrete chemicals to the right(prenominal) of the body. It is a glandular organ and is found just below the bladder and at the top of the penis. It is normally close the sizing of a walnut and it surrounds the urethra which is the tube that brings piddle from the bladder to the out spot of the body. It is made of fibrous tissue and some muscle tissue. Anatomy The gland is divided into zones or lobes. The peripheral zone is the outside part of the prostate and this is where most prostate cancers are found.The central zone makes up nearly 25% of the gland and the transition zone makes up about 5% of the gland. The transition zone, however, is where are the hypertrophy happens. This part of the prostate is closest to the urethra so as it grows it puts imperativeness on and squeezes the urethra bowel movement problems with urination. However, in benign prostate hyperplasia, the prostate gro ws and begins to cause the person problems. It is normally an age related sickness which is nonmalignant. Large lesions grow on that central section of the prostate.It is believed that 60% of manpower over the age of 60 have BPH (Porth & Matfin, 2007). The film cause is unknown plainly in that location are some encounter factors which include age, history, race, dietary fat, and hormonal factors. The older one gets, the more than plausibly to have it and African American men get it most lots. When new the gland grows with the hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and it is believed that in some men the hormones do not sluggish down and stop when they should so the gland continues to grow past what would be normal. Signs and SymptomsBPH causes compression on the urethra so it causes partial or complete baulk of urine flow. As the obstruction increases (prostate gets larger), acute or emergent storage of the urine may occur with distention of the bladder. Th e urine that is left in the bladder when a man tries to urinate and is not able to fatuous his bladder causes a frequency to occur, consistently trying to empty the bladder. This normally becomes worse at night. When there is a lot of bladder distention accidents may happen every date pressure is put on the abdomen or when coughing causing pressure inside the abdomen.When urine is not completely emptied from the bladder the chances of a urinary infection occurs and this some beats happens frequently. All of this develops in stages over time so there is often changes in the kidney and ureters because of the long time back up of urine causing hydronephosis which eventually begins to kill kidney gomeruli. If not treated early this can lead to renal failure. Diagnosis When making a diagnosis of BPH septette questions are at first ask. These questions are regarding incomplete emptying, frequency, intermittency, urgency, weak stream, straining, and nocturia.A last question relates to the quality of life the patient is having related to this problem. A history, visible exam and rectal exam is through with(p). Also to be done are uranalysis, PSA, and serum creatinine as well as other blood tests. The urinalysis is done to detect bacteria or infection, the serum creatinine is used to fancy whether there is renal function problems and the PSA is used to screen for cancer. Our diligent JJ has BPH and he has symptoms of frequent or urgent need to urinate, he besides has developed cysts in his urine and a urinary nerve tract infection.All of these symptoms make sense because they are symptoms of the enlarged prostate putting pressure on the urethra. The urinary tract infection has occurred because of the retention of urine in the bladder. His preaching plan is medications and TURP or TIP. Treatment Treatment in the early stages is aimed at symptom relief, then there is a time of watchful waiting which is suggested by most physicians. thither are before long me dications that work pretty well for some time. These are Finasteride which reduces prostate size by blocking the effect of androgens on the prostate.This drug also cause atrophy of the prostate cells which can cause a 20% reduction in volume. The onset of the drug takes some time, sometimes 3-6 months but it usually works for some time. The side effects may be upright dysfunction and decreased libido. There can also be the functional removal of the enlarged prostate gland. This surgery can be done through the urethra, through a suprapubic incision, or through an incision in the peritoneum. The most commonly used way is called a TURP which is transurethral prostatectomy or through the urethra.The prostate is a very vascular organ and though this procedure is fairly simple to do, there is a great tell apart of bleeding on average and irrigations are often necessary post-operatively. There are presently many experimental treatments that it is hoped will provide slight side effect s. These include laser surgery, transurethral vaporization, transurethral microwave therapy, and transurethral needle ablation. There is also a new technique using balloon dilation but these effects at this time seem to be transitory. Stents can also be placed in those men that have major aggregate of lung issues and cannot tolerate surgical procedures.Treatment Plan So, JJ had symptoms of BPH which was treated by medication but his symptoms persisted and he had a TURP. This procedure after recovery projecting his symptoms and he is progressing quite an well with most of his symptomology gone at this time. mop up BPH which is thought of as a cancerous condition of the prostate is a benign condition of the prostate. The symptoms which it causes are usually the method of treatment in the beginning and this may last for some time, but there may be a later need for a more aggressive method of treatment which at this time is the TURP.There are side effects of this surgery, some of th em immediate because of the vascular condition of the prostate. This surgery, at this time usually solves the problem long term. There are many more less invasive procedures being studied at this time. Our patient JJ is doing quite well after a TURP and will most apt(predicate) not need a further procedure. It does not relieve him however, of the first step of prostate cancer because that part of the prostate is still there so he will need to continue to have checkups. References Porth,C and Matfin, G. (2007). Pathophysiology. 8th ed. Lippincott capital of Massachusetts Add textbook