'Exam 06044100\r'

' leave-taking A: 1. Organization’s commitment to societal responsibility takes the form of policies or pronouncements on what the disposal intends to do to address its complaisant impact in the community where it operates, which includes its stakeholders, suppliers and the general mankind.As such, a draw compulsion in implementing an organization’s commitment to social responsibility is the buy-in from the board and the acquit executives which make the policies, and the moderate of the middle-management and employees which will implement the policies. To do this, the board and top executives mustiness understand the sign of the zodiac’s cause as an organization, and everyone else must have a assailable grasp of the direction where it is going.Implementation involves the day-to-day operations, processes, activities, decisions and practices which will find that the organization’s soci on the wholey trusty commitments and policies ar carried off and met The main obstacles to implementing socially responsible policies argon ,lack of clarity in policy statements, lack of a reliefing structure formation, processes and organization financial constraints programs and projects must have appropriate funding,lack of coordination among activities, lack of understanding and support from implementers middle management and employees.Some specific actions that crapper be taken towards increased social responsibilitys argon. Come up with ways for the organization to integrate socially responsible policies into day-to-day operations and individual activities. This can be done by involving middle managers, employees, and other key players in brainstorming sessions. Develop a unanimous communication plan : Internally, focus on actuate factors such as how social responsibility can be a source of warring getting even for the organization in initiation of low production cost, improved product value, and build-up of customer loy alty.Externally, focus on making commitments public, not only to gain public attention, simply to inform the public of what it is doing in terms of improving product value and customer aid. get measurable targets and continuously . Celebrating achievements can be a source of inspiration and increased commitment to social responsibility. 2. De unwrapmentalization is the process of free radicaling activities, customers, or job functions into vary groups of an organization to create better coordination. All coarse companies have multiple departments. These departments are specialized units that carryout pecific functions for a company. Most organizations have the functional departments of human resources, accounting, sales, and culture technology. Types of Departmentalization 1) Functional: Groups of employees found on work performed (engineering, accounting, education systems, human resources). 2) Product: Groups of employees based on major product areas in the corporation ( womans footwear, mens footwear, and cloak and accessories). 3) Customer: Groups of employees based on customer’s problem and needs (wholesale, retail, government). ) Geographic: Groups of employees based on location served North, South, Midwest, East). 5) Process: Groups of employees based on the basis of work or customers flow ( testing, payment) 3. Is a poop out of the versed and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process. Environmental factors internal to the firm usually can be classified as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W), and those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). SWOT psychoanalysis pith analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.The SWOT analysis provides information that is steadying in matching the firms resources and capabilities to the combative environment in which it operates. It is a useful strategic planning official document. It is based on the assumption th at if managers carefully review internal strengths and weaknesses and external threat and opportunities, a useful outline for ensuring organizational success can be formulated. As such, it is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. Strength. A firms strengths are its resources and capabilities that can be used as a basis for developing a competitive advantage.It is an important organizational resource which enhances a company, competitive position. Some of the internal strengths of an organization are typical competence in key areas ,Manufacturing efficiency kindred exclusive access to high grade inwrought resources, Skilled workforce, Adequate financial resources,Superior image and nature such as strong brand names. -Economies of casing -Superior technological skills -Insulation from strong competitive pressures -Product or service differentiation -Proprietary technology such as patents and resultant ost advantages from proprietary know-how -favorable access to d istribution network. Part B: . 1. sise Sigma at many organizations simply means a measure of quality that strives for near perfection. Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects (driving toward six bar deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in any process †from manufacturing to transactional and from product to service. The statistical mold of Six Sigma describes quantitatively how a process is performing. . The isotropy of trade of a nation is the difference between values of its exports and imports. When exports are greater than imports, the nation is tell to have a balance of trade surplus. On the other hand, if imports are greater than exports, the nation is express to have a balance of trade deficit. Exports and imports that gens in the balance of trade concept hold water in the context of trade with other countries. Exports are the value of goods and services produced in the United States and exchange to other countries . 3.Perception is the process by which you become witting of objects and events in the external world. Perception occurs in fin stages: (1) stimulation, (2) organization, (3) interpretation-evaluation, (4) memory, and (5) recall. 4. A decentralized organization is one in which decision making is not confined to a few top executives but rather is passim the organization, with managers at various levels making key operational decisions relating to their sphere of responsibility. Decentralization is a matter of degree, since all organizations are decentralized to some extent out of necessity. . Bounded rationalness is the idea that in decision-making, rationality of individuals is limited by the information they have, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the delimited amount of time they have to make a decision. It was proposed by Herbert A. Simon as an alternative basis for the mathematical modeling of decision making, as used in economics and related disciplines; it complements rationality as optimization, which views decision-making as a fully rational process of decision an optimal choice given the information available.Thus the decision-maker is a satisfies, one seeking a satisfactory resultant rather than the optimal one. 6. Although an early study, this is sleek over lots referenced. It is notable that the two factors correlate with the people-task division that appears in other studies and also as preferences. Consideration is the people-orientation and Initiating mental synthesis is the task orientation. Initiating Structure is the degree to which a draw defines and structures his or her role and the roles of the subordinates towards achieving the goals of the group. . Think of negative penalization as Removing Something pleasant with the goal of decreasing a behavior. Think of negative reinforcement as Removing Something rebarbative with the goal of Increasing the target behavior. 8. A system is commo nly defined as a group of interacting units or elements that have a common purpose. The units or elements of a system can be cogs, wires, people, computers, and so on. Systems are generally classified as dissipate systems and closed systems and they can take the form of mechanical, biological, or social systems.Open systems refer to systems that interact with other systems or the outside environment, whereas closed systems refer to systems having relatively elflike interaction with other systems or the outside environment such as food and air and return other substances to their environment. 9. Basic tasks and functions of management include planning, organizing, staffing, need and controlling business and its activities. 10. Appraisals are most often used as a punitive tool, but they can be a very tidy management tool. Appraisals can help you find the areas that most run your employees and how to help them improve.By understanding the areas that most motivate your employees, t he appraisals can provide you with the most important tool to guide your staff. 11. A group is said to be in a state of cohesion when its members deliver bonds linking them to one another and to the group as a whole. Social norms are described by sociologists as being laws that govern society’s behaviors. Although these norms are not considered to be formal laws within society, they still work to promote a great grass of social control. Social norms can be compel formally by means of sanctions or informally through body language and non-verbal communication cues.\r\n'